Kuwonongeka kwa chitsulo chosungunuka ndi njira yopewera

Chilema chimodzi: Sungathe kuthira

Mawonekedwe: mawonekedwe oponyera sakwanira, m'mphepete mwake ndi ngodya ndizozungulira, zomwe zimawoneka m'zigawo zopyapyala za khoma.

Zifukwa:

1. Mpweya wachitsulo wachitsulo ndi wovuta kwambiri, kaboni ndi silicon ndizochepa, sulfure ndi yochuluka;

2. Kutentha kotsika, kuthamanga kwapang'onopang'ono kapena kuthira kwapakatikati.

Njira zopewera:

1. Yang'anani ngati mpweya wa mpweya ndi waukulu kwambiri;

2. Onjezani relay coke, sinthani kutalika kwa coke pansi;

3. Sinthani kutentha kwa kuponyera ndi liwiro la kuponyera, ndipo musadule kutuluka panthawi yoponya.

Cholakwika chachiwiri: kuchepa pang'ono

Zomwe zili: pamwamba pa pores ndizovuta komanso zosagwirizana, ndi makristasi a dendritic, pores okhazikika kuti achepetse, ang'onoang'ono obalalika chifukwa cha shrinkage, omwe amapezeka m'magulu otentha.

Zifukwa:

1. Zomwe zili mu carbon ndi silicon ndizochepa kwambiri, shrinkage ndi yaikulu, chakudya chokwera sichikwanira;

2. Kutentha kothira ndikokwera kwambiri ndipo kuchepa kwake ndi kwakukulu;

3, khosi lokwera ndi lalitali kwambiri, gawo ndilochepa kwambiri;

4, kuponya kutentha ndi otsika kwambiri, osauka fluidity wa madzi chitsulo, zimakhudza kudya;

Njira zopewera:

1. Control mankhwala zikuchokera chitsulo liquefaction kupewa otsika mpweya ndi pakachitsulo zili;

2. Kuwongolera mwamphamvu kuthira kutentha;

3, wololera kapangidwe riser, ngati n'koyenera, ndi chitsulo ozizira, kuonetsetsa zinayendera olimba;

4. Onjezani zomwe zili mu bismuth moyenera.

Cholakwika chachitatu: mng'alu wotentha, mng'alu wozizira

Mawonekedwe: Mng'alu wotentha umasweka m'malire a tirigu pa kutentha kwakukulu, ndi mawonekedwe owoneka bwino komanso mtundu wa oxidizing.Mng'alu wotentha wamkati nthawi zambiri umakhala ndi shrinkage.

Cold mng'alu kumachitika pa kutentha otsika, transgranular fracture, lathyathyathya mawonekedwe, zitsulo luster kapena pamwamba oxidized pang'ono.

Zifukwa:

1, shrinkage yolimbitsa thupi yatsekedwa;

2, zomwe zili mu carbon mu chitsulo chamadzimadzi ndizochepa kwambiri, zomwe zili mu sulfure ndizokwera kwambiri, ndipo kutentha kothirako ndikokwera kwambiri;

3, madzi chitsulo mpweya zili lalikulu;

4. Zigawo zovuta zimadzaza msanga kwambiri.

Njira zopewera:

1, kusintha mtundu, pachimake cha chilolezo;

2. Gawo lalikulu la carbon lisakhale lochepera 2.3%;

3, kulamulira zili sulfure;

4, kapu kuti ng'anjo mokwanira, mpweya voliyumu sangakhale lalikulu kwambiri;

5, kupewa kuponyera kutentha kwambiri, ndi kusintha kuzirala liwiro, kuti yeretsani njere;

6. Sungani kutentha kwapang'onopang'ono.